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Find the derivative of each function given
$\displaystyle{f\,(x) = 4}$
$\displaystyle{f\,(x) = e^{\pi}}$
$\displaystyle{f\,(x) = \sqrt{2}}$
$0$ for (a), (b), and (c) [Each is a constant function.]
Find $f\,'(x)$ for each function below
$\displaystyle{f\,(x)=x^4}$
$\displaystyle{f\,(x)=x^{100}}$
$\displaystyle{f\,(x)=4x^3}$
$\displaystyle{f\,(x)=\frac{1}{2} x^{2/3}}$
$\displaystyle{f\,(x)=4x^{-1/4}}$
$\displaystyle{f\,(x)=\pi x^{\sqrt{2}}}$
We apply the Power Rule for derivatives in each case:
In each case, find $y'$
$\displaystyle{y = 4\sqrt{x}+\frac{3}{x}-5x+4}$
$\displaystyle{y = \frac{2}{\sqrt{x}} + \frac{\sqrt{x}}{2} + \frac{1}{x} - x}$
$\displaystyle{y = \sqrt{x} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} + \frac{3}{x} - 3x}$
$\displaystyle{\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}} - \frac{3}{x^2} - 5}$
$\displaystyle{-\frac{1}{x^{3/2}} + \frac{1}{4\sqrt{x}} - \frac{1}{x^2} - 1}$
$\displaystyle{\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} - \frac{1}{2x^{3/2}} - \frac{3}{x^2} - 3}$
Find $\displaystyle{\frac{d}{dx}(4x^3 - 3x^2 + 2)}$.
$12x^2-6x$
Differentiate, simplifying your result as appropriate
$\displaystyle{f\,(x) = 7x^3+6x^2+10x+12}$
$\displaystyle{f\,(x) = 3x^3-6x^{-2}+x^{-7}-x^{-6}}$
$21x^2 + 12x + 10$
$\displaystyle{9x^2 + \frac{12}{x^3} - \frac{7}{x^8} + \frac{6}{x^7}}$
Find the equation of the tangent line to $y=x^3+3x^2+3x+9$ where $x=-3$
$y' = 3x^2 + 6x + 3$, so when $x = -3$, slope $m = y' = 27 -18 + 3 = 12$ and $y = -27 + 27 - 9 + 9 = 0$. Using point-slope form, we then have $y = 12(x+3)$.
In each case, find $y'$
$\displaystyle{y = (x^2 - \frac{1}{x})(3x-4)}$
$\displaystyle{y = (\sqrt{x} + 5)(x^2 - 5)}$
$\displaystyle{y = (\sin x)(\cos x) - x \cos x + x^3}$
$\displaystyle{y = x^3 \sin x - x^3 \cos x}$
$\displaystyle{y = \ln e^x - e^x \ln x}$
$\displaystyle{9x^2 - 8x - \frac{4}{x^2}}$
$\displaystyle{2x\sqrt{x} + 10x + \frac{x\sqrt{x}}{2} - \frac{5}{2\sqrt{x}}}$
$\displaystyle{-\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x + x\sin x - \cos x + 3x^2}$
$\displaystyle{x^3 \cos x + x^3 \sin x + 3x^2 \sin x - 3x^2 \cos x}$
$\displaystyle{1 - \frac{e^x}{x} - e^x \ln x}$
Differentiate:
$\displaystyle{f\,(x) = (x^2+x)(3x+1)}$
$\displaystyle{f\,(x) = x^2e^x + \frac{1}{x^2}}$
$\displaystyle{f\,(x) = x^3\sin x + \sin (\frac{\pi}{4} )}$
$\displaystyle{9x^2+8x+1}$
$\displaystyle{x^2 e^x + 2x e^x - \frac{2}{x^3}}$
$\displaystyle{x^3 \cos x + 3 x^2 \sin x}$
Differentiate the following
$\displaystyle{y = \frac{\sin x}{\ln x}}$
$\displaystyle{y = \frac{x}{x-4}}$
$\displaystyle{y = \frac{x^2 - 1}{(x+4)^2}}$
$\displaystyle{y' = \frac{x (\ln x)(\cos x) - \sin x}{x \ln^2 x}}$
$\displaystyle{y' = \frac{-4}{(x-4)^2}}$
$\displaystyle{y' = \frac{2(4x+1)}{(x+4)^3}}$
Suppose $\displaystyle{y = \frac{x^2-4x+3}{x-1}}$ and then find $\displaystyle{\frac{dy}{dx}}$
We can work this problem in two ways. One way uses the quotient rule. Another realizes that this function can be made more "differentiation-friendly" by simplifying first. Just make sure you realize the implications with regard to the domain if you take the second, much easier, way:
$$y = \frac{x^2-4x+3}{x-1} = \frac{(x-1)(x-3)}{x-1} = x-3 \quad \textrm{for all } x \ne 1$$Thus, $\displaystyle{\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx} (x-3) = 1}$ when $x \ne 1$, and is undefined if $x=1$.
Show that if $f$ is differentiable, then use the definition of the derivative to show that $\displaystyle{\frac{d}{dx} \left[ f(x) \right]^2 = 2 f(x) f'(x)}$. Is this consistent with the basic derivative rules?
The basic derivative rules lead (more quickly) to the same conclusion. Consider either a direct application of the product rule on $f(x) \cdot f(x)$, or the chain rule with an inner function of $f(x)$ and an outer function of $x^2$.
Show that if $f$ is differentiable everywhere and $g(x) = f(x^2)$, then $g'(c) = 2c f'(c^2)$. Is this consistent with the basic derivative rules?
Noting that $\displaystyle{f'(c^2) = \lim_{u \rightarrow c^2} \frac{f(u) - f(c^2)}{u-c^2}}$ guides our work...
$$\begin{array}{rcl} g'(c) &=& \displaystyle{ \lim_{x \rightarrow c} \frac{g(x) - g(c)}{x-c}}\\\\ &=& \displaystyle{ \lim_{x \rightarrow c} \frac{f(x^2) - f(c^2)}{x-c} \quad \textrm{we'll need } u = x^2 \textrm{ and then } u-c^2 = x^2 - c^2 \textrm{ in the bottom}}\\\\ &=& \displaystyle{ \lim_{x \rightarrow c} \frac{f(x^2) - f(c^2)}{x-c} \cdot \frac{x^2-c^2}{x^2-c^2}}\\\\ &=& \displaystyle{ \left( \lim_{x \rightarrow c} \frac{f(x^2) - f(c^2)}{x^2-c^2} \right) \cdot \left( \lim_{x \rightarrow c} \frac{x^2-c^2}{x-c} \right) \quad \textrm{now write the limit in terms of } u}\\\\ &=& \displaystyle{ \left( \lim_{u \rightarrow c^2} \frac{f(u) - f(c^2)}{u-c^2} \right) \cdot \left( \lim_{x \rightarrow c} \frac{x^2-c^2}{x-c} \right)}\\\\ &=& \displaystyle{ \left( \lim_{u \rightarrow c^2} \frac{f(u) - f(c^2)}{u-c^2} \right) \cdot \left( \lim_{x \rightarrow c} \, (x+c) \right)}\\\\ &=& (f'(c^2))(2c) \end{array}$$The basic derivative rules lead (more quickly) to the same conclusion. Consider a direct application of the Chain Rule to $g(x)$ where the inner functions is $x^2$ and the outer function is $f(x)$.
Instead of the binomial theorem, use induction and the product rule to show that $\displaystyle{\frac{d}{dx} x^n = n x^{n-1}}$ for positive integers $n$.
First we show the base case holds using the limit definition of the derivative:
$$\frac{d}{dx} x = \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{(x+h)-x}{h} = \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{h}{h} = 1$$Then we assume that for some $k$, we know $\displaystyle{\frac{d}{dx} x^k = k x^{k-1}}$, and show with that assumption (and the product rule) it must be the case that: $$\displaystyle{\frac{d}{dx} x^{k+1} = \frac{d}{dx} [x \cdot x^k] = x \cdot kx^{k-1} + x^k \cdot 1 = k x^k + x^k = (k+1) x^k}$$
Hence, by induction the desired result holds.
(Challenge Problem) Use $\displaystyle{e = \lim_{x \rightarrow \infty} \left(1 + \frac{1}{n} \right)^n}$ to prove $\displaystyle{\frac{d}{dx} e^x} = e^x$.